Rumus past continous tense:
(+) Positif: S + was/were + Ving.
(-) Negatif: S + was/were + not + Ving.
(?) Tanya: Was/were + S + Ving?

Contoh kalimat past continous tense:
(+) Mia was reading a novel at 5 p.m. this evening. / Mia sedang membaca novel jam 5 sore tadi.
(-) Mia wasn’t reading a novel at 5 p.m. this evening. / Mia tidak sedang membaca novel jam 5 sore tadi.
(?) Was Mia reading a novel at 5 p.m. this evening? / Apakah Mia sedang membaca novel jam 5 sore tadi?

5. Present perfect tense

Present perfect tense digunakan ketika di masa sekarang, kita menyatakan kejadian atau kegiatan yang sudah terjadi.

Rumus present perfect tense:

(?) Positif: S + has/have + V3.
(-) Negatif: S + has/have + not + V3.
(?) Tanya: Has/have + S + V3?

Contoh kalimat:
(+) I have eaten. / Aku sudah makan.
(-) I haven’t eaten yet. / Aku belum makan.
(?) Have you eaten? / Apakah kamu sudah makan?

6. Present perfect continuous tense

Present perfect continuous tense digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu kejadian atau kegiatan yang sudah dilakukan dan berlanjut hingga masa sekarang.

Rumus present perfect continous tense:
(+) Positif: S + has/have + been + Ving.
(-) Negatif: S + has/have + not + been + Ving.
(?) Tanya: Has/have + S + been + Ving?

Contoh kalimat present perfect continous tense:
(+) My sister has been running for half an hour. / Kakakku sudah sedang berlari selama setengah jam.
(-) My sister hasn’t been running for half an hour. / Kakakku belum ada setengah jam berlari.
(?) Has your sister been running for half an hour? / Apakah kakakmu sudah sedang berlari selama setengah jam?

7. Past perfect tense

Past perfect tense digunakan ketika kita berbicara mengenai hal atau kegiatan yang sudah terjadi dan selesai di masa lampau.

Rumus past perfect tense:
(+) Positif: S + had + V3.
(-) Negatif: S + had + not + V3.
(?) Tanya: Had + S + V3?

Contoh kalimat past perfect tense:
(+) Tom had repaired his laptop before I borrowed it. / Tom sudah memperbaiki laptopnya sebelum aku meminjamnya.
(-) Tom hadn’t repaired his laptop before I borrowed it. / Tom belum memperbaiki laptopnya sebelum aku meminjamnya.
(?) Had Tom repaired his laptop before I borrowed it? / Apakah Tom sudah memperbaiki laptopnya sebelum aku meminjamnya?

8. Past continuous tense

Past continuous tense digunakan ketika kita berbicara tentang hal atau kegiatan yang dimulai dan terjadi hingga suatu waktu tertentu di masa lalu.

Rumus past continous tense:
(+) Positif: S + had + been + Ving.
(-) Negatif: S + had + not + been + Ving.
(?) Tanya: Had + S + been + Ving?

Contoh kalimat past continous tense:
(+) She had been working there before she moved to my office. / Dia telah sedang bekerja di sana sebelum ia pindah ke kantorku.
(-) She hadn’t been working there before she moved to my office. / Dia belum sedang bekerja di sana sebelum ia pindah ke kantorku.
(?) Had she been working there before she moved to my office? / Apaka dia telah sedang bekerja di sana sebelum ia pindah ke kantorku?

9. Simple future tense

Simple future tense digunakan ketika kita berbicara hal atau kejadian yang akan terjadi di masa depan atau sebuah rencana.

Rumus simple future tense:
(+) Positif: S + will + V1 // S + is/am/are + going to + V1.
(-) Negatif: S + will + not + V1 // S + is/am/are + not + going to + V1.
(?) Tanya: Will + S + V1? // Is/am/are + S + going to + V1?

Contoh kalimat simple futur tense:
(+) Mrs. Tari will teach us. / Bu Tari akan mengajar kita.
(-) Mrs. Tari won’t teach us. / Bu Tari tidak akan mengajar kita.
(?) Will Mrs. Tari teach us? / Apakah Bu Tari akan mengajar kita?

10. Future continuous tense

Future continuous tense digunakan ketika kita berbicara tentang hal atau kegiatan yang sedang berlangsung di masa depan.

Rumus future continuous tense:
(+) Positif: S + will + be + Ving.
(-) Negatif: S + will + not + be + Ving.
(?) Tanya: Will + S + be + Ving?

Contoh kalimat future continuous tense:
(+) I will be studying math tonight at 7 p.m. / Aku akan sedang belajar matematika malam ini jam 7.
(-) I won’t be studying math tonight at 7 p.m. / Aku tidak akan sedang belajar matematika malam ini jam 7.
(?) Will you be studying math tonight at 7 p.m.? / Apakah kamu akan sedang belajar matematika malam ini jam 7?

11. Future perfect tense

Future perfect tense tense digunakan untuk berbicara mengenai hal yang sudah terjadi di masa depan.

Rumus future perfect tense:
(+) Positif: S + will + have + V3.
(-) Negatif: S + will + not + have + V3.
(?) Tanya: Will + S + have + V3?

Contoh kalimat future perfect tense:
(+) The singer will have finished their world tour by next month. / Penyanyi itu akan sudah menyelesaikan tur dunianya pada bulan depan.
(-) The singer will not have finished their world tour by next month. / Penyanyi itu belum menyelesaikan tur dunianya pada bulan depan.
(?) Will the singer have finished their world tour by next month? / Apakah penyanyi itu akan sudah menyelesaikan tur dunianya pada bulan depan?

12. Future perfect continuous tense

Future perfect continuous tense digunakan saat berbicara mengenai hal atau kegiatan yang akan telah berlangsung di masa depan.

Rumus future perfect continuous tense:
(+) Positif: S + will + have + been + Ving.
(-) Negatif: S + will + not + have + been + Ving.
(?) Tanya: Will + S + have + been + Ving?

Contoh kalimat future perfect continuous tense:
(+) They will have been renovating their office for two months. / Mereka akan telah sedang merenovasi kantor mereka selama dua bulan.
(-) They will not have been renovating their office for two months. / Mereka tidak akan telah sedang merenovasi kantor mereka selama dua bulan.
(?) Will they have been renovating their office for two months? / Apakah mereka akan telah sedang merenovasi kantor mereka selama dua bulan.

13. Simple past future tense

Simple past future tense digunakan ketika kita berbicara tentang hal atau kegiatan yang direncanakan atau diprediksikan di masa lampau.

Rumus simple past future tense:
(+) Positif: S + would + infinitive (V1) // S + was/were + going to + infinitive (V1).
(-) Negatif: S + would + not + infinitive (V1) // S + was/were + not + going to + infinitive (V1).
(?) Tanya: Would + S + infinitive (V1)? // Was/were + S + going to + infinitive (V1)?

Contoh kalimat simple past future tense:

(+) I would bring my camera if I knew the view was amazing. / Aku akan membawa kameraku kalau aku tahu pemandangannya luar biasa.
(-) I wouldn’t bring my camera if I knew the view wasn’t amazing. / Aku tidak akan membawa kameraku kalau aku tahu pemandangannya tidak luar biasa.
(?) Would you bring your camera if you knew the view was amazing? / Apakah kamu akan membawa kameramu kalau kamu tahu pemandangannya luar biasa?

14. Past future continuous tense

Past future continuous tense digunakan ketika kita berbicara mengenai sesuatu yang akan sedang berlangsung di masa lampau (kita melakukan kilas balik).

Rumus past future continuous tense:
(+) Positif: S + would + be + Ving.
(-) Negatif: S + would + not + be + Ving.
(?) Tanya: Would + S + be + Ving?

Contoh kalimat past future continuous tense:
(+) We would be watching the performance if Sari wasn’t late. / Kita akan menonton penampilannya kalau Sari tidak terlambat.
(-) We would not be watching the performance if Sari was late. / Kita tidak akan menonton penampilannya kalau Sari terlambat.
(?) Would they be watching the performance if Sari wasn’t late? / Apakah mereka akan menonton penampilannya kalau Sari tidak terlambat?

15. Past future perfect tense

Past future perfect tense digunakan ketika menyatakan hal yang akan sudah terjadi di masa lampau (kita melakukan kilas balik, namun tidak terjadi, hanya pengandaian).

Rumus past future perfect tense:
(+) Positif: S + should/would + have + V3.
(-) Negatif: S + should/would + not + have + V3.
(?) Tanya: Should/would + S + V3?

Contoh kalimat past future perfect tense:
(+) I would have cleaned the room when the neighbors came. / Aku pasti telah membersihkan ruangannya ketika tetangga mereka datang.
(-) Aku wouldn’t have cleaned the room when the neighbors came. / Mereka pasti tidak akan membersihkan ruangannya ketika tetangga datang.
(?) Would you have cleaned the room when the neighbors came? / Akankah kau telah membersihkan ruangannya ketika tetangga datang?

16. Past future perfect continuous

Past future perfect continuous digunakan saat kita berbicara tentang hal atau kegiatan yang akan telah telah dilakukan atau berlangsung di masa lalu (kita melakukan kilas balik, namun tidak terjadi, hanya pengandaian).

Rumus past future perfect continuous:
(+) Positif: S + should/would + have + been + Ving.
(-) Negatif: S + should/would + not + have + been + Ving.
(?) Tanya: Should/would + S + have + been + Ving?

Contoh kalimat past future perfect continuous:
(+) We should have been practicing our new dance. / Kami seharusnya sedang berlatih tarian baru kami.
(-) We shouldn’t have been practicing our new dance. / Kami tidak seharusnya sedang berlatih tarian baru kami.
(?) Should they have been practicing their new dance? / Apakah mereka seharusnya sedang berlatih tarian baru mereka?

Baca Juga: 11 Contoh Kalimat Present Perfect Tense dan Artinya Lengkap dengan Rumus yang Digunakan

Demikian rumus 16 tenses dan contohnya. Semoga bermanfaat!