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2. Tornado
General Statement
Tornadoes are vertical funnels of rapidly spinning air, known as twisters, with winds exceeding 250 miles per hour and a potential path of devastation reaching up to a mile wide and 50 miles long. They are typically associated with thunderstorms and hail, particularly those generated by giant, persistent thunderstorms called supercells.
Sequenced Explanation
Tornado formation begins within thunderstorms, where air rising within the storm starts to spin due to varying wind directions. This spinning air, common in supercells, requires a specific combination of wind speeds and directions to initiate tornado development. Additionally, near-ground spinning air is essential, which occurs when air sinks from the storm and spreads across the land in gusts. Conservation of angular momentum causes this spinning air to accelerate as it is drawn inward toward its axis of rotation, eventually leading to the formation of a tornado.
Closing or Concluding Statement
While most tornadoes arise from supercell thunderstorms, not all supercells produce tornadoes. The speed and temperature of the rotating air near the ground play crucial roles in determining tornado formation. If the near-ground rotating air remains slow or is too cold, tornado formation is unlikely, as the air will spread away from the storm and lose rotational energy.
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3. Earthquake
General Statement
Earthquakes being the most deadly natural hazards strike without any prior warning leaving catastrophe in their wake with terrible loss of human lives as well as economic loss.
Sequenced Explanation
Technically, an earthquake (also known as tremor, quake or temblor) is a kind of vibration through earth’s crust. These powerful movements trigger a rapid release of energy that creates seismic waves that travel through the earth. Earthquakes are usually brief, but may repeat over a long period of time (earth science 2001). Earthquakes are classified as large and small. Large earthquakes usually begin with slight tremors but rapidly take form of violent shock. The vibrations from a large earthquake last for few days known as aftershocks. Small earthquakes are usually slight tremors and do not cause much damage. Large earthquakes are known to take down buildings and cause death and injury (Richter 1935). According to some statistics, there may be an average of 500,000 earthquakes every year but only about 100,000 can be felt and about 100 or so can cause damage each year.
Closing or Concluding Statement
That's why earthquakes are dreaded by everyone, as their unpredictable nature and devastating potential make them one of the most feared natural disasters worldwide.
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