C. Harmful compounds found in fabric softener

D. Controlling the habit of using fabric softener

E. Environmental issues caused by fabric softener

Jawaban: A

14. The word permeating in the third paragraph is similar in meaning with ….

A. Filling

B. Soaking

C. Charging

D. Attaining

E. Absorbing

Jawaban: A

15. Based on the passage, it can be hypothesized that …

A. 'Green' softeners are developed in response to the needs of fabric softener addicts.

B. Manufactures will shift to producing 'green' fabric softener products.

C. A small amount of fabric softener chemicals in the water will not harm aquatic life.

D. The absorbency in some textiles will be reduced if they are washed with fabric softeners.

E. People with breathing problems will feel safer using fabric softener if it contains fewer perfume chemicals.

Jawaban: E

Read the following paragraph to answer question number 16-18

Loneliness and social isolation in older adults are serious public health risks affecting a significant number of people in the United States and putting them at risk for dementia and other serious medical conditions. A report from the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (NASEM) points out that more than one-third of adults aged 45 and older feel lonely, and nearly one-fourth of adults aged 65 and older are considered to be socially isolated. Older adults are at increased risk for loneliness and social isolation because they are more likely to face factors such as living alone, the loss of family or friends, chronic illness, and hearing loss.

Although it’s hard to measure social isolation and loneliness precisely, there is strong evidence that many adults aged 50 and older are socially isolated or lonely in ways that put their health at risk. Recent studies found that social isolation significantly increased a person’s risk of premature death from all causes, a risk that may rival those of smoking, obesity, and physical inactivity. Poor social relationships (characterized by social isolation or loneliness) was also associated with a 29% increased risk of heart disease. Loneliness among heart failure patients was associated with a nearly 4 times increased risk of death, 68% increased risk of hospitalization, and 57% increased risk of emergency department visits.

16. The writer's intention in writing the passage is to...

A. Disseminate the information about the impacts loneliness and social isolation in the elderly

B. Encourage people to be more concerned about the elderly who are lonely and socially isolated

C. Prove that the elderly experiencing loneliness and social isolation actually exist in the United States

D. Convey the pain and sadness experienced by lonely and socially isolated elderly based on research

E. Tell about the loneliness and unhappiness felt by the elderly who are socially isolated, as well as research findings

Jawaban: A

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17. To whom is the text likely addressed?

A. Families staying with elderly

B. People living around elderly

C. Pensioners who have just left their jobs

D. Senior citizens living alone in the suburbs

E. Employers having old workers in their companies

Jawaban: B

18. From the last paragraph, we can infer that …

A. Those who experience loneliness may develop heart disease.

B. Feeling lonely aggravates the heart condition of the elderly.

C. Heart disease is the worst ailment that a lonely older person will suffer from.

D. The older people get, the more lonely they will feel.

E. Loneliness and social isolation that people experience makes them unable to survive.

Jawaban: B

Read the following paragraph to answer quetion number 19-20

The United Nations predicts Earth will have to feed another 2.3 billion people by 2050, mostly concentrated in urban centers far from farmland. Conventional agriculture may not be able to meet that demand, but luckily NASA has been working for decades to tackle food production both on Earth and in space. Feeding astronauts during long-term space exploration means stretching resources to grow plants in space—including minimizing water use and energy consumption and eliminating soil.

NASA initially pioneered these techniques on the ground by building the country’s first vertical farm. Inside a decommissioned hypobaric chamber left over from testing the Mercury space capsule, technologists stacked rows of hydroponic trays like bookshelves against the walls. Then systems for lighting, ventilation, and circulating water were added using off-the-shelf parts. Various crops were planted on the stacked trays to test how well they would grow in water and without the benefit of sunlight or open air. This innovative approach to farming created a foundation for the industry of controlled environment agriculture, or CEA.

CEA combines plant science and environmental control to optimize plant growth and maximize efficiency, frequently incorporating vertical growth structures. Technology enables the filtering of contaminants from crop water and delivers precise nutrient balances. Artificial lighting provides only the necessary wavelengths at the right time, intensity, and duration, while environmental controls maintain ideal temperature and humidity. This approach could help feed burgeoning future generations, said Nate Storey, chief science officer at Plenty Unlimited, one of several companies building on NASA’s plant-growth research.

19. It is stated in the passage that …

A. The world will run out of food by 2050 according to the United Nations.

B. NASA has maximized a farming method requiring a little water.

C. NASA is taking over conventional agriculture to address future food demands.

D. To improve plant development, plant science must be integrated with vertical growth structures.

E. NASA's innovative approach pioneered the establishment of a controlled environment agriculture industry.

Jawaban: B

20. From the first paragraph, it can be predicted that …

A. NASA will be more concerned with food production in space than with food production on Earth.

B. The United Nations estimates that Earth will have to feed billions of people for a decade.

C. The most crucial aspect of long-term space exploration will be astronaut nutrition.

D. Conventional agriculture will succeed in feeding astronauts if it is combined with NASA's techniques.

E. In the future, there will not be enough land for conventional agriculture.

Jawaban: E

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