Sonora.ID - Mengutip dari buku Bestie Book Bahasa Inggris SMA/MA Kelas X, XI, & XII, dijelaskan bahwa explanation text merupakan sebuah teks yang menjelaskan bagaimana terjadinya sesuatu.

Teks ini digunakan untuk menjelaskan proses yang berkaitan dengan ilmu pengetahuan, seperti fenomena alam, sosial atau budaya. Contohnya adalah menjelaskan bagaimana proses terjadinya hujan.

Sama seperti halnya jenis teks lainnya explanation text memiliki beberapa ciri khusus di antaranya menggunakan simple present tense, menggunakan passive voice, dan terdiri atas pembukaan, penjelasan atau isi, dan penutup.

Untuk memahaminya dengan lebih baik berikut ini kami sajikan kumpulan contoh soal explanation text lengkap dengan pembahasan jawabannya, dikutip dari berbagai sumber.

Baca Juga: 5 Contoh Cerita Liburan Idul Fitri dalam bahasa Inggris dan Artinya

Contoh Soal Explanation Text

The following text is for questions 1 to 4.

Tsunami

A tsunami occurs when a major fault under the ocean floor suddenly slips. The displaced rock pushes water above it like a giant paddle, producing powerful water waves at the ocean surface. The ocean waves spread out from the vicinity of the earthquake source and move across the ocean until they reach the coastline, where their height increases as they reach the continental shelf, the part of the earth's crust that slopes, or rises, from the ocean floor up to the land.

A tsunami washes ashore with often disastrous effects such as severe flooding, loss of lives due to drowning, and damage to property.

A tsunami is a very large sea wave that is generated by a disturbance along the ocean floor. This disturbance can be an earthquake, a landslide, or a volcanic eruption. A tsunami is undetectable far out in the ocean, but once it reaches shallow water, this fast-traveling wave grows very large.

Soal 1

Tsunami happens because ...

A. The displaced rock pushes water above it.
B. A significant fault under the ocean floor slips suddenly.
C. The ocean waves spread out from the vicinity of the source.
D. The waves move across the ocean until they reach the beach.

Soal 2

What are the impacts of tsunamis?

A. The part of the Earth's crust that slopes, or rises, from the ocean floor down to the land.
B. A tsunami washes ashore with often disastrous effects such as flooding and loss of lives.
C. A tsunami is a very large sea wave that is not generated by a disturbance along the ocean floor.
D. A tsunami is detectable far out in the ocean.

Soal 3

We understand from the text that tsunami ...

A. Causes the movement of the earth.
B. Forms a new shape of the coastline.
C. Makes unfortunate events.
D. Rises a new coastal land.

Soal 4

"... producing powerful water waves at the ocean surface." The synonym of the underlined word is ...

A. Fast
B. Deep
C. Quick
D. Strong

Read the following text to answer questions number 5 to 8.

Recycling is the collection, processing, and reuse of materials that would otherwise be thrown away. Materials ranging from precious metals to broken glass, from old newspapers to plastic spoons, can be recycled. The recycling process reclaims the original material and uses it in new products.

In general, using recycled materials to make new products costs less and requires less energy than using new materials. Recycling can also reduce pollution, either by reducing the demand for high-pollution alternatives or minimizing the pollution produced during the manufacturing process.

Paper products that can be recycled include cardboard containers, wrapping paper, and office paper. The most commonly recycled paper product is newsprint. In newspaper recycling, old newspapers are collected and searched for contaminants such as plastic bags and aluminum foil. The paper goes to a processing plant where it is mixed with hot water and turned into pulp in a machine that works much like a big kitchen blender.

The pulp is screened and filtered to remove smaller contaminants. The pulp then goes to a large vat where the ink separates from the paper fibers and floats to the surface. The ink is skimmed off, dried, and reused as ink or burned as boiler fuel. The cleaned pulp is mixed with new wood fibers to be made into paper again.

Experts estimate the average office worker generates about 5 kg of wastepaper per month. Every ton of paper that is recycled saves about 1.4 cu m (about 50 cu ft) of landfill space. One ton of recycled paper saves 17 pulpwood trees (trees used to produce paper).

Soal 5

The following things can be recycled, except ...

A. Precious metals
B. Broken glass
C. Old newspapers
D. Fresh vegetables and fruits

Soal 6

Which of the following is not the benefit of recycling?

A. It costs a lot of money for the process of recycling.
B. It costs less to make new products.
C. It requires less energy.
D. It reduces the demand for high-pollution alternatives.

Soal 7

What is the third step of recycling paper products?

A. Collect and search for contaminants such as plastic bags and aluminum foil.
B. Mix the paper with hot water in a blender which turns it into pulp.
C. Screen and filter the pulp to remove smaller contaminants.
D. Put the pulp into a large vat to separate the ink from the paper fibers.

Soal 8

We can make use of the ink after being separated from the paper fibers by doing the followings, except ...

A. Skim it off
B. Dry it
C. Reuse as ink
D. Mix it with the pulp

This Text is for question 9 to 10

All planes need air to presure under their wings to stay up in the air. As they move forward. The higher air pressure underneath their wings pushes them upward and gives them lift. The smooth, streamlined shape of the plane allows the air to flows easily over its surface. This helps to reduce the drag caused by the air pushing against the plane and allows it to move rapidly through the air. Planes move forward using engines. This movement is called thrust. Moving forward Keeps a stream of moving air passing over the wings. If the engines fail, theplanes will begin to descend very quickly. The air above the wing moves faster, so it is at a lower pressure than the air under the wing. The air under the wing moves more slowly and is slightly squashed, so it is at a higher pressure than the air above the wing.

Soal 9

What does the text describe?

A. How the wings of a plane work
B. How the plane moves forward
C. How the plane is made
D. The engine of a plane

Soal 10

The planes stay up in the air when .....

A. A stream of moving air passes over their wings
B. There is air pressure under their wings
C. The wings move forward
D. The engines move faster

This Text is for question 11 to 14

A geyser is the result of underground water under the combined conditions of high temperatures and increased pressure beneath the surface of the earth. Since temperature rises approximately 1 F for every sixty feet under the earth'S surface, and pressure increases with depth, the water that seeps down in crack and fissures until it reaches very hot rock in the earth interior becomes heated to temperature in excess of 290 F.

Because Of the greater pressure, the water shoots out of the surface in the form of steam and hot water. The result is a geyser. In order to function, then a geyser must have a source of heat, reservoir where water can be stored until the temperature rises to an unstable point, an opening through which the hot water and steam can escape, and underground channels for resupplying water after an eruption.

Favorable conditions for geyser exist in some regions of the world including New Zealand, Iceland, and the Yellowstone National Park area of the United States. The most famous geyser in the world is ld Faithfull in Yellow Park. Old Faithfull erupts almost every hour, rising to a height of 125 to 170 feet and expelling more than ten thousand gallons during each eruption.

Soal 11

How geyser is produced?

A. By the rise of temperature pressure functioning hot steam.
B. From a huge tension of heated water that coming out from the earth crack.
C. From the heated temperature in earth cracK that absorbing water.
D. By the hot water and temperature of hot rock that occurs on earth surface.

Soal 12

Steam and hot water shoot out of the surface because of ...

A. hot rock and water
B. temperature and pressure
C. greater pressure
D. high temperature and increased pressure

Soal 13

Reservoir where the water can be stored will be after eruption and resupplying again .....

A. hot
B. narrow
C. open
D. empty

Soal 14

“... and expelling more than ten thousand gallons during each eruption." (Paragraph 2)

The underlined word is closest in meaning to ...

A. heating
B. melting
C. wasting
D. supplying

The following text is for questions 15 to 18.

All human beings eat food and use the chemical energy in it, as do all other animals. Perhaps you wonder where all that chemical energy comes from. Why doesn't the food all get used up?

The answer is that new food is being grown as fast as old food is used. It is the green plants that form the new food. Animals either eat the plants or eat other animals that have eaten plants.

The green substance of plants is chlorophyll. Chlorophyll can absorb sunlight. When it does so, it changes the energy of the sun into chemical energy. The chemical energy present in sunlit chlorophyll is used to combine dioxide in the air with water from the soil. Starch and other complicated compounds are formed. These are high in chemical energy obtained from the sunlit chlorophyll.

They make up the food on which mankind and all other animals live. In the process of forming this food, some oxygen atoms are left over. These are given off into the air by the plants. The whole process is called photosynthesis.

Thus, plants use sunlight to form food and oxygen to form carbon dioxide and water again. Plants change the sun’s energy into chemical energy. And animals change the animal energy into kinetic and heat energy.

Soal 15

The text is about ...

A. The process of changing chemical energy.
B. The formation of carbon dioxide.
C. The green substance of plants.
D. The process of photosynthesis.

Baca Juga: 4 Contoh Explanation Text tentang Budaya serta Struktur dan Artinya

Soal 16

What will happen when chlorophyll absorbs sunlight? It will ...

A. Change heat into kinetic energy.
B. Form complicated compound.
C. Make use of heat energy.
D. Change the sun's energy into chemical energy.

Soal 17

From the text we know that ...

A. Plants need to heat energy to live.
B. All human beings need chemical energy.
C. Plants absorb sunlight to produce kinetic energy.
D. Chlorophyll is the most important thing in photosynthesis.

Soal 18

The green substance of plants is chlorophyll. The underlined word is closest in meaning to ...

A. Core
B. Body
C. Stuff
D. Essence

The following text is for questions 19 to 21.

Silkworms live for only two or three days after laying eggs. About 36,000 to 50,000 eggs are laid, and these are carefully stored at the silkworm farm until they are ready to hatch. The eggs hatch into caterpillars, which feed on mulberry leaves. Soon, the caterpillars are ready to spin their cocoons.

Not all caterpillars can spin silk cocoons. Only the caterpillars of a silkworm moth known as ‘Bombyx Marie can do the such spinning. This caterpillar has special glands which secrete liquid silk through its lower lip. The liquid produced later hardens to form tine strands.

The caterpillar makes its cocoons using these strands. The threads on the outside of the cocoon are rough, while those inside are soft and smooth.

Some fully-spun cocoons are heated. This kills the pupa inside. The cocoons are then put into hot water to loosen the fine threads. Finally, these threads are reeled off the cocoons.

The length of unbroken thread produced by a single cocoon measures about one-and-a-half kilometers. Being twisted together several of these threads make single woven materials.

Soal 19

What is the purpose of the text ...

A. To persuade readers to buy silk.
B. To put silk into different categories.
C. To entertain readers with knowledge.
D. To describe how silk comes into existence.

Soal 20

How are the threads on the outside of the cocoon ...

A. Fine
B. Soft
C. Rough
D. Strong

Soal 21

What are mulberry leaves for ...

A. Feeding caterpillars
B. Spinning cocoons
C. Storing threads
D. Hatching eggs

This Text is for question 22 to 25

The Sense of Taste

The sense of taste is one of a persons five senses. We taste with the help of taste-buds in the tongue. There are four mains’ Kinds of taste: sweet, sour, salty, and bitter. All other tastes are just mixtures of two or more of these main types. The surface of the tongue has more than fifteen thousand taste-buds (or cells). These are connected to the brain by special nerves which send the so-called 'tastes messages.

When the tongue comes into contact with food of any Kind, the taste-buds will pick up the taste. The nerves then send a message to the brain. This will make us aware of the taste. All this happens in just a few seconds.

There are four Kinds of taste-buds, each of which is sensitive to onw a particular taste. These four groups are located in different parts of the tongue. The taste-buds for salty and sweet tastes are found round the tip of the tongue and along its sides. Sour tastes can be picked up own at the sides of the tongue. The taste-buds of the bitter taste are found at the innermost edge of the tongue. 

There are taste-buds at the centre of the tongue. The senses of smell and sight can affect taste. The good smell of food increases its taste. Similarly, attractive colours can make food appear tastier and more delicious. If food does not smell good or is dull-coloured, it will look tasty and may not taste good at all. Very hot or cold sensations can maxe the taste-buds insensitive. Food that is too hot or too cold, when placed in the mouth, will have no tastes at all.

Soal 22

We can taste any Kind of food because of ........

A. the good smell of food
B. the four mains’ kinds of taste
C. the taste-buds in the tongue
D. the senses of smell and sight

Soal 23

When we eat very hot or cold food ...

A. the food will lose its taste
B. the food won't smell good
C. the taste of the food increases
D. the taste-buds will be sensitive

Soal 24

The senses of smell and sight ...

A. increase the taste of the food
B. affect the taste of the food
C. make food more delicious
D. make the food look good

Soal 25

The purpose of the text is ........

A. to explain how we can taste any food in the mouth
B. to give a report about the sense of taste
C. to inform how important the tongue is
D. to describe the use of the tongue
E. to tell the taste of the food

This text is for question 26 to 28

Have you ever wondered how people get chocolate from? In this article we’ll enter the amazing world of chocolate so you can understand exactly what you’re eating.

Chocolate starts with a tree called the cacao tree. This tree grows in equatorial regions, especially in places such as South America, Africa, and Indonesia. The cacao tree produces a fruit about the size of a small pine apple. Inside the fruit are the tree’s seeds, also known as cocoa beans.

The beans are fermented for about a week, dried in the sun and then shipped to the chocolate maker. The chocolate maker starts by roasting the beans to bring out the flavour. Different beans from different places have different qualities and flavor, so they are often sorted and blended to produce a distinctive mix. Next, the roasted beans are winnowed. Winnowing removes the meat nib of the cacao bean from its shell. Then, the nibs are blended. The blended nibs are ground to make it a liquid. The liquid is called chocolate liquor. It tastes bitter. All seeds contain some amount of fat, and cacao beans are not different. However, cacao beans are half fat, which is why the ground nibs form liquid. It’s pure bitter chocolate.

Soal 26

The text is about …

A. the cacao tree
B. the cacao beans
C. the raw chocolate
D. the making of chocolate

Soal 27

The third paragraph focuses on …

A. the process of producing chocolate
B. how to produce the cocoa flavour
C. where chocolate comes from
D. the chocolate liquor

Soal 28

” …, so they are often sorted and blended to produce …” (Paragraph 3.) The word “sorted “is close in meaning to …

A. arranged
B. combined
C. separated
D. distributed

This text is for question 29 to 30

A cell phone is a great gadget in this modern world. What is a cell phone? A cell phone is actually a radio in certain way. Like a radio, by a cell phone we can communicate to other people in real time. Million people use cell phone for their communication. Even nowadays, people use cell phones to communicate in voice, written and data. Alexander Graham Bell is the person who make great change in the way people communicate to each other. He invented a telephone in 1876. While wireless radio was formally known in 18994 presented by Guglielmo Marconi. By these two technologies, then a cell phone was born. However do you know how actually cell phones work?

This short explanation on how a cell phone work is really wonderful. A cell phone or in long term “cellular telephone’ works by transmitting signals of radio to towers of cellular. The towers are networked to a central switching station. The connection usually uses wire, fiber optic-cables, or microwave.

Then the central switching station which handles calls in certain given area is directed connected to the wire-based telephone system. Cellulars are pick up by the towers and relayed to another cellular telephone user or the user of wire-based telephone network.

the towers vary in the capacity and capability to receive signals. Some can receive the signal from short distance and the others can receive more distance. However, there are usually more than one tower in certain given area so that the system can handle the increasing telephone traffic.

Soal 29

What the main idea of paragraph three …

A. How to use the telephone
B. The founder of telephone
C. The part of telephone
D. Function of telephone

Soal 30

Who the telephone celluler founder …

A. Graham bells
B. Guiglemo Marconi
C. Wilbur O’Wright
D. Antonio Meucci.

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